Estrogen

Estrogen is the main female sex hormones. These steroid hormones, which take their name and inspiration are present in both sexes, although in women of childbearing age reached serum levels much higher. Estrogen promotes the formation of female secondary sexual characteristics like breasts, enlargement of the basin and are involved in endometrial proliferation and various phenomena of the menstrual cycle. The FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and LH, luteinizing hormone, regulating the production of estrogen during ovulation. When estrogen circulates in the blood stream FSH and LH show a negative feedback, or it is blocked secretion. This is the mechanism that exploit some oral contraceptives such estroginici precisely.

Three of the major estrogen in women are estradiol, estriol and the estrone. From menarche to menopause, the most important estrogen is the 17 ß-estradiol. After menopause, most estrogen is produced oestrone which has assets of less than one of estradiolo. Estrogen is produced by androgens through the action of enzymes. The estradiol is produced from testosterone and estrone d androstenedione.

Estrogen is produced by ovarian follicles, the corpus luteum and the placenta. Some estrogens are produced in other organs and tissues in small quantities, such as the liver and adrenal glands. These secondary sources of estrogen are the only sources for man and woman in post-menopausal. The synthesis of estrogen starts in theca interna cells in the ovaries from cholesterol through the Androstenedione. The Androstenedione is a precursor with low activity estroginica, that once produced by cells of the theca interna, crosses the basement membrane and reach the granulosa cells, where it is converted into estrone and estradiol. Estrogen can be produced d enzima aromatase, which converts androgens into estradiol.

While estrogens are present both in men than in women, usually in women of reproductive age achieve the highest levels.
Estrogen promotes the development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as the breast) and are involved nell'inspessimento endometrial and other aspects that regulate the menstrual cycle.
In men estrogen regulate certain functions of the reproductive system important in the maturation of sperm and may be necessary for a just libido.

FUNCTIONS OF oestrogens

Structural:
promote the formation of female secondary sexual characteristics
stimulate endometrial growth
increase uterine growth
maintaining the health and elasticity of blood vessels and skin
reduce bone resorption, increase bone formation
Protein synthesis:
increase the hepatic production of binding proteins

Coagulation:
increase the level of factors 2,7,9,10, antithrombin, the adhesive capacity of platelets

Lipids:
increase HDL, triglycerides, and storage of fat
decrease LDL

Balances fluids:
salt and water retention
Gastrointestinal tract:
reduce bowel motility
increase cholesterol in bile

Cancer:
about 80% of breast cancers are linked to the supplement of estrogen
In the medical administration of estrogen is done for various purposes, including:
Oral contraception
to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
for the treatment of symptoms of menopause such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness, incontinence, feeling cold, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, sweating
to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, thanks to the positive effect of estrogen on levels of serum cholesterol
in the treatment of: vaginal atrophy, ipoestrogenismo, amenorraa, dysmenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea
to suppress lactation after childbirth
in men, for the treatment of prostate cancer
treatment of traumatic injury of the liver

However, there are some risks associated with estrogen therapy, such as increasing the risk of blood clotting.

In any case, is the inadequacy that the excess estrogen in women include some side effects that may be severe.

Excess estrogen

Cause:
adrenal insufficiency with consequent over-ovarian
hepatic overload in preventing the breakdown of estrogen
Excessive intakes of grass, fiber, coffee, tea, chocolate, vitamin E

Signs and symptoms:
low heart rate
tension, nervousness, headache, nausea, fluid retention in pre-menstrual period
menstrual cramps
watery vaginal mucus
excessive menstrual flow that lasts for only 2-3 days
tendency to venous problems
tendency to schizophrenia
increased incidence of cancer of the breast, lung, liver and gastrointestinal
increased retention of calcium and phosphorus
poor absorption of phosphorus

INADEQUACY estrogen

Cause:
ovarian or pituitary insufficiency
intestinal bacteria
the combination of estrogen enzyme in the liver is magnesium-dependent, and a lack of magnesium can lead to problems in the metabolism of estrogen
low levels of vitamin B6 affects the use of estrogen and removes deactivators

Signs and symptoms:
Heart rate high
anemia
swelling
sterility
Fatigue that worsens during the day
lack of short term memory
hot flushes
joint pain, swelling and stiffness
pain and cramps during menstruation
menstrual cycle longer than 28 days or no
decrease of sexual impulses
depression
headache
Osteoporosis
pain
dry skin
Vaginal dryness
unexplained weight gain
inability to absorb calcium
poor retention of sodium, potassium, calcium
excessive retention of phosphorus

Next to the traditionally administered estrogen therapy in cases of insufficient estrogen, you can take some food supplements such as:
Vitamins C and D: they help the body to absorb calcium
Minerals: iron, manganese, phosphorus, magnesium
Plants: maca, cha de bugre, Espinheiro holy, sarsaparilla, suma, Damiana, huanarpo macho, Nettle

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